Abstract
| Calorimetry at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) faces many challenges, particularly in the forward direction such as, radiation tolerance and large in-time event pileup. To meet these challenges, the CMS Collaboration is preparing to replace its current endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era with a high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL), featuring an unprecedented transverse and longitudinal segmentation, for both the electromagnetic and hadronic compartments, with 5D information (space-time-energy) read out. The proposed design uses silicon sensors for the electromagnetic section (with fluences above 10$^{16}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$) and high-irradiation regions (with fluences above 10$^{14}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$) of the hadronic section while in the low-irradiation regions of the hadronic section plastic scintillator tiles equipped with on-tile silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are used. Full HGCAL will have approximately 6 million silicon sensor channels and about 280 thousand channels of scintillator tiles. This will facilitate particle-flow-type calorimetry, where the fine structure of showers can be measured and used to enhance particle identification, energy resolution and pileup rejection. In this talk we present the ideas behind HGCAL, the current status of the project, the lessons learnt, in particular from beam tests as well as the design and operation of vertical test systems and the challenges that lie ahead. |