002882325 001__ 2882325
002882325 005__ 20240906111651.0
002882325 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2882325$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
002882325 0247_ $$2DOI$$9APS$$a10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.023091$$qpublication
002882325 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:2306.14537$$cquant-ph
002882325 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:2306.14537
002882325 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:2671899$$d2024-06-05T02:27:07Z$$h2024-06-06T02:01:27Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002882325 035__ $$9Inspire$$a2671899
002882325 041__ $$aeng
002882325 100__ $$aGemme, Giulia$$jORCID:[email protected]$$uGenoa U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
002882325 245__ $$9APS$$aQutrit quantum battery: comparing different charging protocols
002882325 269__ $$c2023-06-26
002882325 260__ $$c2024-04-24
002882325 300__ $$a22 p
002882325 500__ $$9arXiv$$a22 pages, 11 figures
002882325 520__ $$9APS$$aMotivated by recent experimental observations carried out in superconducting transmon circuits, we compare two different charging protocols for three-level quantum batteries based on time-dependent classical pulses. In the first case, the complete charging is achieved through the application of two sequential pulses, while in the second the charging occurs in a unique step applying the two pulses simultaneously. The latter approach is characterized by a shorter charging time, and consequently by a greater charging power. Moreover, both protocols are analytically solvable, leading to a complete control on the dynamics of the quantum system and opening unique perspectives in the manipulation of the so-called qutrits. To support this analysis, we have tested both protocols on IBM quantum devices based on superconducting circuits in the transmon regime. The minimum achieved charging time represents one of the fastest stable charging reported so far in solid-state quantum batteries.
002882325 520__ $$9arXiv$$aMotivated by recent experimental observations carried out in superconducting transmon circuits, we compare two different charging protocols for three-level quantum batteries based on time dependent classical pulses. In the first case the complete charging is achieved through the application of two sequential pulses, while in the second the charging occurs in a unique step applying the two pulses simultaneously. Both protocols are analytically solvable leading to a complete control on the dynamics of the quantum system. According to this it is possible to determine that the latter approach is characterized by a shorter charging time, and consequently by a greater charging power. We have then tested these protocols on IBM quantum devices based on superconducting circuits in the transmon regime. The minimum achieved charging time represents the fastest stable charging reported so far in solid state quantum batteries.
002882325 540__ $$3preprint$$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002882325 540__ $$3publication$$aCC BY 4.0$$fCERN-APC$$gDAI/10235982$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
002882325 542__ $$3publication$$dauthors$$g2024
002882325 595_D $$aQR$$d2023-06-29$$sabs
002882325 595_D $$aQR$$d2023-07-05$$sprinted
002882325 65017 $$2arXiv$$acond-mat.mes-hall
002882325 65017 $$2arXiv$$aquant-ph
002882325 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aGeneral Theoretical Physics
002882325 690C_ $$aCERN
002882325 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002882325 700__ $$aGrossi, Michele$$jORCID:0000-0003-1718-1314$$uCERN$$vCERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
002882325 700__ $$aVallecorsa, Sofia$$uCERN$$vCERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
002882325 700__ $$aSassetti, Maura$$uGenoa U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy$$vCNR-SPIN, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
002882325 700__ $$aFerraro, Dario$$jORCID:0000-0002-4435-1326$$uGenoa U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy$$vCNR-SPIN, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
002882325 773__ $$c023091$$mpublication$$n2$$pPhys. Rev. Res.$$v6$$y2024
002882325 8564_ $$82496309$$s152796$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figureB2.png$$y00008 Example of data distribution associated to the sequential charging protocol. Each plot shows the results (black dots) in the $(I,Q)$ plane (in arbitrary units) as a function of $\varphi_{m}$. For each state shown in the plot, we have considered $1024$ runs. These measurements have been carried out using the \emph{ibm\_auckland} device. The background is coloured according to what discussed in the calibration phase. In particular the blue part is classified as $\ket{0}$, the red one as $\ket{1}$ and the green one as $\ket{2}$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496310$$s9952$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figureC1.png$$y00010 Energy stored in the qutrit QB (in units of $\Delta_{max}$) as a function of $t$ (in units of $t_{m}$) for both an adiabatic (green curve) and simultaneous (red curve) charging protocol. Here we have considered the same Gaussian pulses as in the qubit case.
002882325 8564_ $$82496311$$s8991$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure6.png$$y00006 Energy stored in the QB (in units of $\Delta_{max}$) as a function of $\Theta_{m}$ following the simultaneous charging protocol. The black line is obtained analytically from~(\ref{E_sim}). The red points correspond to experimental data, obtained from the \emph{ibmq\_toronto} machine. We have considered the same Gaussian pulse as in the qubit case with $t_m=30\,\, \mathrm{ns}$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496312$$s17276$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure5.png$$y00005 Energy stored in the QB (in units of $\Delta_{max}$) as a function of $\varphi_{m}$ following the sequential charging protocol. The black line is obtained analytically using~(\ref{eq:energy-two_step}). The blue points correspond to experimental data obtained from the \emph{ibm\_auckland} device, using the Gaussian pulses described in the main text with $t_m=\SI{30}{ns}$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496313$$s9288$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure4.png$$y00004 Energy stored in the QB (in units of $\Delta_{max}=\Delta+\Delta'$) as a function of $t$ (in units of $t_{m}$) for both a sequential (blue curve) and simultaneous (red curve) charging protocol. Here we have considered pulses of Gaussian form satisfying the constrains discussed in the main text, with $\varphi_m=2\pi$, $\Theta_m=\pi$ and $a=1$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496314$$s8765$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure3.png$$y00003 Energy stored in the QB (in units of $\Delta$) as a function of $\theta_{m}$. The black line is obtained analytically using~(\ref{eq:E_m_par}) and with initial condition $\ket{\psi(t)}=|0\rangle$ ($a=1$ and arbitrary $\phi$ in~(\ref{Psi_general})). The blue points correspond to experimental data obtained from the \emph{ibm\_auckland} device, using the Gaussian pulses described in the main text with $t_m=\SI{30}{ns}$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496315$$s6780$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure1.png$$y00000 Blue curve: theoretical behaviour of the energy $E^{(2)}$ stored into the qubit QB (in units of $\Delta$) as a function of $t$ (in units of $t_{m}$) and with initial condition $\ket{\psi(t)}=|0\rangle$ ($a=1$ and arbitrary $\phi$ in~(\ref{Psi_general})). Horizontal grey line indicates a QB charging of $E^{(2)}_{thr}=0.95\Delta$, while the vertical grey line is in correspondence of the charging time $t_{c}=0.59t_m$. Here we are considering $\theta_m=\pi$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496316$$s1092960$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/2306.14537.pdf$$yFulltext
002882325 8564_ $$82496317$$s66645$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figureB1.png$$y00007 Example of data distribution associated to the measurements of the state $\ket{0}$ (blue dots), $\ket{1}$ (red dots) and $\ket{2}$ (green dots) in the $(I,Q)$ plane (in arbitrary units) for the \emph{ibm\_auckland} device. Big black dots indicate the centers of the different distributions, while straight lines separates the regions associated to every state. The efficiency of the considered separation is roughly $95.5\%$ for the ground state, $95.7\%$ for the first excited state and $90.0\%$ for the second excited state. For each state shown in the plot, we have considered $1024$ runs ($3072$ in total).
002882325 8564_ $$82496318$$s6739$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure2b.png$$y00002 Blue curves: theoretical behaviour of the energy $E^{(2)}$ stored into the qubit QB (in units of $\Delta$) as a function of $t$ (in units of $t_{m}$) and with $a=0.98$, $\phi=0$ (a) and $a=0.96$, $\phi=0$ (b) respectively. We have considered $E^{(2)}_{thr}=0.95\Delta$ in both panels (horizontal grey lines). This leads to $t_{c}=0.61 t_m$ (a) and $t_{c}=0.63 t_m$ (b) respectively (vertical grey lines). Here we are considering $\theta_m=\pi$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496319$$s150769$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figureB3.png$$y00009 Example of data distribution associated to the simultaneous charging protocol. Each plot shows the results (black dots) in the $(I,Q)$ plane (in arbitrary units) as a function of $\Theta_{m}$. For each state shown in the plot, we have considered $1024$ runs. These measurements have been carried out using the \emph{ibmq\_toronto} device. The background is coloured according to what discussed in the calibration phase. In particular the blue part is classified as $\ket{0}$, the red one as $\ket{1}$ and the green one as $\ket{2}$.
002882325 8564_ $$82496320$$s6692$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/figure2a.png$$y00001 Blue curves: theoretical behaviour of the energy $E^{(2)}$ stored into the qubit QB (in units of $\Delta$) as a function of $t$ (in units of $t_{m}$) and with $a=0.98$, $\phi=0$ (a) and $a=0.96$, $\phi=0$ (b) respectively. We have considered $E^{(2)}_{thr}=0.95\Delta$ in both panels (horizontal grey lines). This leads to $t_{c}=0.61 t_m$ (a) and $t_{c}=0.63 t_m$ (b) respectively (vertical grey lines). Here we are considering $\theta_m=\pi$.
002882325 8564_ $$82528484$$s5782091$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2882325/files/Publication.pdf$$yFulltext
002882325 960__ $$a13
002882325 980__ $$aARTICLE