Springer : A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of $\mathrm {Ne}$, $\mathrm {CO}_2$, and $\mathrm {SF}_6$: paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy

Stierhof, J.; Lang, M.; Leutenegger, M.A.; Porter, F.S.; Winter, M.; Wipf, S.; Niskanen, J.; Bissinger, M.; Micke, P.; Betancourt-Martinez, G.L.; Hansmann, P.; Brown, G.V.; Pfeifer, T.; Chung, M.; Hell, N.; Park, S.; Steinbrügge, R.; Wilms, J.; Ballhausen, R.; Kühn, S.; Hirsch, M.; Crepso López-Urrutia, J.R.; Cumbee, R.; Shah, C.; Gräfe, C.; Bernitt, S.; Stöhlker, T.

doi:10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0

Article
Report number	arXiv:2203.03725
Title	A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of $\mathrm {Ne}$, $\mathrm {CO}_2$, and $\mathrm {SF}_6$: paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy
Related title	A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of Ne, CO$_2$, and SF$_6$: paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy
Author(s)	Stierhof, J. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Kühn, S. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Winter, M. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U. ; Neel Lab, Grenoble) ; Micke, P. (CERN) ; Steinbrügge, R. (DESY) ; Shah, C. (NASA, Goddard ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst. ; LLNL, Livermore) ; Hell, N. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Bissinger, M. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Hirsch, M. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Ballhausen, R. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Lang, M. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Gräfe, C. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Wipf, S. (Jena U.) ; Cumbee, R. (NASA, Goddard ; Maryland U.) ; Betancourt-Martinez, G.L. (IRAP, Toulouse) ; Park, S. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Niskanen, J. (Helmholtz-Zentrum, Berlin) ; Chung, M. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Porter, F.S. (NASA, Goddard) ; Stöhlker, T. (Jena U. ; Darmstadt, GSI ; Helmholtz Inst., Jena) ; Pfeifer, T. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Brown, G.V. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Bernitt, S. (Jena U. ; Helmholtz Inst., Jena ; Darmstadt, GSI ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Hansmann, P. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Wilms, J. (Erlangen - Nuremberg U.) ; Crepso López-Urrutia, J.R. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Leutenegger, M.A. (NASA, Goddard)
Publication	2022-03-01
Imprint	2022-03-07
Number of pages	13
In:	Eur. Phys. J. D 76, 3 (2022) pp.38 Eur. Phys. J. D 76 (2022) pp.52
DOI	10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0 (publication) 10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00379-6 (erratum)
Subject category	Detectors and Experimental Techniques ; Physics in General ; Other Fields of Physics ; Astrophysics and Astronomy
Abstract	A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of Ne, CO$_2$, and SF$_6$ gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s-np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the CO$_2$ result agrees well with previous measurements, the SF$_6$ spectrum appears shifted by 0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for Ne shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1-10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to 40-100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1-10 meV.
Copyright/License	publication: (License: CC-BY-4.0) preprint: (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Our scheme for simultaneous measurement of neutral gas photoionization and HCI fluorescence \citep[adapted from][]{leutenegger2020}. Monochromatic linearly polarized X-rays produced by the synchrotron beamline U49-2/PGM-1 enter the PolarX-EBIT endstation from the left, and excite the HCI. Subsequently, the fluorescence is detected by two silicon drift detectors. The off-axis electron gun allows the synchrotron X-ray beam to pass through to our second endstation, a low-pressure gas cell using a channeltron for detection of photoions.$ $Measured position of the O\textsubscript{w} resonance in terms of the angle correction at different times during the campaign. Black crosses and red triangles respectively indicate the reported energy after and before the photon measurement, and blue squares their mean (see text for details). The right scale shows the translated energy spread around the mean of all measurements at the O$_\textnormal{w}$ line (inner) and the Ne 1s--3p transition (outer). Measurements of this line were mainly used to benchmark the X-ray beam at different settings causing a variation in the uncertainty.$ $\textbf{a:} Neon spectrum (blue points) calibrated using measurements of F\,$K_\beta$ in scans before and after the photoionization measurements. The neon emission lines are modeled by a sequence of Voigt profiles to determine the peak positions (red solid line, components red dashed lines). The green vertical bars indicate the line positions as reported in \citep{mueller2017} and the gray solid line outlines their data (scaled to the 1s--3p transition). \textbf{b:} The ratio between the data and the model. The calibration line was modeled with Voigt parameters $\sigma = 0.172$\,eV and $\Gamma < 0.001$\,eV.$ Show more plots

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Record created 2022-03-14, last modified 2024-09-07

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