CERN Accelerating science

CMS, TOTEM, diffraction, BFKL, pomeron, resummation effects

CMS, TOTEM, diffraction, BFKL, pomeron, resummation effects

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The lines following the protons represent the proton breakup. (Right) Jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular area between the jets denotes the interval $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The lines following the protons represent the proton breakup. (Right) Jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular area between the jets denotes the interval $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The lines following the protons represent the proton breakup. (Right) Jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular area between the jets denotes the interval $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The lines following the protons represent the proton breakup. (Right) Jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular area between the jets denotes the interval $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange with an intact proton in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The jet-gap-jet is reconstructed in the CMS detector, while the intact proton is detected with one of the forward proton spectrometers of the TOTEM experiment. (Right) Proton-gap-jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular areas denote the central gap region $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles and the forward gap that is inferred from the forward proton detection.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange with an intact proton in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The jet-gap-jet is reconstructed in the CMS detector, while the intact proton is detected with one of the forward proton spectrometers of the TOTEM experiment. (Right) Proton-gap-jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular areas denote the central gap region $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles and the forward gap that is inferred from the forward proton detection.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange with an intact proton in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The jet-gap-jet is reconstructed in the CMS detector, while the intact proton is detected with one of the forward proton spectrometers of the TOTEM experiment. (Right) Proton-gap-jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular areas denote the central gap region $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles and the forward gap that is inferred from the forward proton detection.

(Left) Schematic diagram of a jet-gap-jet event by hard color-singlet exchange with an intact proton in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions. The jet-gap-jet is reconstructed in the CMS detector, while the intact proton is detected with one of the forward proton spectrometers of the TOTEM experiment. (Right) Proton-gap-jet-gap-jet event signature in the $\eta$-$\phi$ plane. The filled circles represent final-state particles. The shaded rectangular areas denote the central gap region $\abs{\eta} < 1$ devoid of charged particles and the forward gap that is inferred from the forward proton detection.

Profile schematic of the CMS-TOTEM detector configuration during the 2015 run. The horizontal dashed line represents the beamline. The CMS detector is denoted by the filled circle in the center. The intact proton(s) are transported via the accelerator magnetic fields (violet light rectangles), eventually passing through the silicon detectors housed in the Roman pots (black dark rectangles) of the TOTEM experiment. Sectors 45 and 56 are located in the positive and negative $\eta$ regions in the CMS coordinate system, respectively.

Profile schematic of the CMS-TOTEM detector configuration during the 2015 run. The horizontal dashed line represents the beamline. The CMS detector is denoted by the filled circle in the center. The intact proton(s) are transported via the accelerator magnetic fields (violet light rectangles), eventually passing through the silicon detectors housed in the Roman pots (black dark rectangles) of the TOTEM experiment. Sectors 45 and 56 are located in the positive and negative $\eta$ regions in the CMS coordinate system, respectively.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Distributions of the ratio of the subleading jet to leading jet transverse momenta $\pt^\text{jet2}/\pt^\text{jet1}$ (left panel), the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ (right panel), and the number of additional jets $N_\text{extra-jets}$ with $\pt^\text{extra-jet} > 15\GeV$ (lower panel), for jet-gap-jet candidates with $N_\text{tracks} = 0$ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (black circle) and color-exchange dijet candidates $N_\text{tracks} \geq 3 $ in $\abs{\eta}<1$ (red triangle). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, which are smaller than the marker for some data points. The horizontal bars represent the bin width. The distributions are normalized to unity.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution $N_\text{tracks}$ in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region for charged particle tracks with $\pt > 200 \MeV$ for opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfying $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$ with $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 50\GeV$. Vertical bars, which represent statistical uncertainties, are smaller than the markers for most data points. Results from color-exchange dijet background estimation based on the same side (SS) dijet events and the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit are shown on the left and right panels, respectively. The NBD function is fit in the interval $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the jet-gap-jet signal region used in the analysis, $N_\text{tracks} \leq 2$. The fraction $f_\text{CSE}$ corresponds to the ratio of the excess of events at low multiplicities relative to the integrated number of events, as described in the text.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution $N_\text{tracks}$ in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region for charged particle tracks with $\pt > 200 \MeV$ for opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfying $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$ with $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 50\GeV$. The vertical bars, which represent statistical uncertainties, are smaller than the markers for most data points. Results from color-exchange dijet background estimation based on the same side (SS) dijet events and the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit are shown on the left and right panels, respectively. The NBD function is fit in the interval $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the jet-gap-jet signal region used in the analysis, $N_\text{tracks} \leq 2$. The vertical bars of the NBD extrapolation points, which are smaller than the markers, represent the uncertainty in the extrapolation based on the fit parameter uncertainties extracted in the $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$ interval. The fraction $f_\text{CSE}$ corresponds to the ratio of the excess of events at low multiplicities relative to the integrated number of events, as described in the text.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution $N_\text{tracks}$ in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region for charged particle tracks with $\pt > 200 \MeV$ for opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfying $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$ with $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 50\GeV$. Vertical bars, which represent statistical uncertainties, are smaller than the markers for most data points. Results from color-exchange dijet background estimation based on the same side (SS) dijet events and the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit are shown on the left and right panels, respectively. The NBD function is fit in the interval $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the jet-gap-jet signal region used in the analysis, $N_\text{tracks} \leq 2$. The fraction $f_\text{CSE}$ corresponds to the ratio of the excess of events at low multiplicities relative to the integrated number of events, as described in the text.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution $N_\text{tracks}$ in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region for charged particle tracks with $\pt > 200 \MeV$ for opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfying $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$ with $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 50\GeV$. The vertical bars, which represent statistical uncertainties, are smaller than the markers for most data points. Results from color-exchange dijet background estimation based on the same side (SS) dijet events and the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit are shown on the left and right panels, respectively. The NBD function is fit in the interval $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the jet-gap-jet signal region used in the analysis, $N_\text{tracks} \leq 2$. The vertical bars of the NBD extrapolation points, which are smaller than the markers, represent the uncertainty in the extrapolation based on the fit parameter uncertainties extracted in the $3 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 35$ interval. The fraction $f_\text{CSE}$ corresponds to the ratio of the excess of events at low multiplicities relative to the integrated number of events, as described in the text.

Distribution of $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF}) - \xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ in sectors 45 (left) and 56 (right) in data, where $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF})$ and $\xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ denote the fractional momentum loss of the proton reconstructed with the particle-flow (PF) candidates of CMS and the Roman pots (RP) of TOTEM, respectively. Vertical bars indicate statistical uncertainties only. The estimated background contamination (beam background events) is represented by the filled histogram, and is estimated from the data, as described in the text. No central gap is required for this plot. The dashed-line arrow represents the requirement applied in the analysis to remove most of the beam background contribution.

Distribution of $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF}) - \xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ in sectors 45 (left) and 56 (right) in data, where $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF})$ and $\xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ denote the fractional momentum loss of the proton reconstructed with the particle-flow (PF) candidates of CMS and the Roman pots (RP) of TOTEM, respectively. The vertical bars indicate statistical uncertainties only. The estimated background contamination (beam background events) is represented by the filled histogram, and is estimated from the data, as described in the text. The statistical uncertainties of the beam background histograms are smaller than the histogram lines. No central gap is required for this plot. The dashed-line arrow represents the requirement applied in the analysis to remove most of the beam background contribution.

Distribution of $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF}) - \xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ in sectors 45 (left) and 56 (right) in data, where $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF})$ and $\xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ denote the fractional momentum loss of the proton reconstructed with the particle-flow (PF) candidates of CMS and the Roman pots (RP) of TOTEM, respectively. Vertical bars indicate statistical uncertainties only. The estimated background contamination (beam background events) is represented by the filled histogram, and is estimated from the data, as described in the text. No central gap is required for this plot. The dashed-line arrow represents the requirement applied in the analysis to remove most of the beam background contribution.

Distribution of $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF}) - \xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ in sectors 45 (left) and 56 (right) in data, where $\xi_\Pp(\text{PF})$ and $\xi_\Pp(\text{RP})$ denote the fractional momentum loss of the proton reconstructed with the particle-flow (PF) candidates of CMS and the Roman pots (RP) of TOTEM, respectively. The vertical bars indicate statistical uncertainties only. The estimated background contamination (beam background events) is represented by the filled histogram, and is estimated from the data, as described in the text. The statistical uncertainties of the beam background histograms are smaller than the histogram lines. No central gap is required for this plot. The dashed-line arrow represents the requirement applied in the analysis to remove most of the beam background contribution.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region after the dijet and proton selection. Opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfy $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$. Vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The filled histogram represents the residual beam background contamination. The contribution of standard diffractive dijet events that feature a central gap is modeled with the same side (SS) dijet events (left) and with the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit (right), as described in the text. The NBD function is fit in the interval $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the region $N_\text{tracks} < 2$ used for signal extraction in the analysis.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region after the dijet and proton selection. Opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfy $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The filled histogram represents the residual beam background contamination. The contribution of standard diffractive dijet events that feature a central gap is modeled with the same side (SS) dijet events (left) and with the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit (right), as described in the text. The NBD function is fit in the interval $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the region $N_\text{tracks} < 2$ used for signal extraction in the analysis. The vertical bars of the NBD extrapolation points represent the uncertainty in the extrapolation based on the fit parameter uncertainties extracted in the $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$ interval.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region after the dijet and proton selection. Opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfy $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$. Vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The filled histogram represents the residual beam background contamination. The contribution of standard diffractive dijet events that feature a central gap is modeled with the same side (SS) dijet events (left) and with the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit (right), as described in the text. The NBD function is fit in the interval $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the region $N_\text{tracks} < 2$ used for signal extraction in the analysis.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ region after the dijet and proton selection. Opposite side (OS) dijet events satisfy $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}<0$. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The filled histogram represents the residual beam background contamination. The contribution of standard diffractive dijet events that feature a central gap is modeled with the same side (SS) dijet events (left) and with the negative binomial distribution (NBD) function fit (right), as described in the text. The NBD function is fit in the interval $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$, and extrapolated to $N_\text{tracks} = 0$. The dashed-line arrow represents the region $N_\text{tracks} < 2$ used for signal extraction in the analysis. The vertical bars of the NBD extrapolation points represent the uncertainty in the extrapolation based on the fit parameter uncertainties extracted in the $2 \leq N_\text{tracks} \leq 25$ interval.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. Vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model, not shown versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$, has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. The vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included, and thus predictions are not shown for the lower panel of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. Vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model, not shown versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$, has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. The vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included, and thus predictions are not shown for the lower panel of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. Vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model, not shown versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$, has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in $\Pp\Pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$. The vertical bars represent statistical uncertainties, while boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, $\pt^\text{jet2}$, and $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$ in the bin. For a given plot of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus a kinematic variable of interest ($\pt^\text{jet2}$, $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$, or $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$), the other kinematic variables are integrated over their allowed range. The red solid curve corresponds to theoretical predictions based on the RMK model~\cite{Chevallier:2009cu, Kepka:2010hu} with gap survival probability of $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 10$\%. The EEIM model~\cite{csp,cspLHC} predictions with MPI-only contributions and $\abs{\mathcal{S}}^2 = 1.2$\% or MPI+SCI are represented by the purple dashed and orange dotted curves, respectively. The bands around the curves represent the associated theoretical uncertainties. The EEIM model has only small contributions far from back-to-back jets since no hard NLO $2\to 3$ processes are included, and thus predictions are not shown for the lower panel of $f_\text{CSE}$ versus $\Delta\phi_\text{jj}$.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\pt^\text{jet2}$ by the D0 and CDF Collaborations~\cite{d03,cdf2,cdf3} at $\sqrt{s} = 0.63$ (red open symbols) and $1.8\TeV$ (green open symbols), by the CMS Collaboration~\cite{jgjCMS} at $7\TeV$ (magenta open symbols), and the present results at $13\TeV$ (filled circles). Vertical bars of the open symbols represent the total experimental uncertainties. Vertical bars of the $13\TeV$ measurement represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The central gap is defined by means of the particle activity in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ interval in these measurements, as described in the text.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\pt^\text{jet2}$ by the D0 and CDF Collaborations~\cite{d03,cdf2,cdf3} at $\sqrt{s} = 0.63$ (red open symbols) and $1.8\TeV$ (green open symbols), by the CMS Collaboration~\cite{jgjCMS} at $7\TeV$ (magenta open symbols), and the present results at $13\TeV$ (filled circles). The vertical bars of the open symbols represent the total experimental uncertainties. The vertical bars of the $13\TeV$ measurement represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The central gap is defined by means of the particle activity in the $\abs{\eta}<1$ interval in these measurements, as described in the text. The jet $\pt$ and $\eta$ requirements of the previous measurements are specified in the legend of the plot. No phase space extrapolations are made in plotting this figure.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ by CMS at $7\TeV$~\cite{jgjCMS} and the present measurement at $13$\TeV. The $7$\TeV measurement was performed in three bins of $\pt^\text{jet2} = 40$--$60$, $60$--$100$, and $100$--$200\GeV$, which are represented by the open circle, open square, and open cross symbols, respectively. The present $13\TeV$ results are represented by the filled circles. Vertical bars of the $7\TeV$ measurement represent the total experimental uncertainties. Vertical bars of the $13\TeV$ measurement represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature.

Fraction of color-singlet exchange dijet events, $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ by CMS at $7\TeV$~\cite{jgjCMS} and the present measurement at $13$\TeV. The $7$\TeV measurement was performed in three bins of $\pt^\text{jet2} = 40$--$60$, $60$--$100$, and $100$--$200\GeV$, which are represented by the open circle, open square, and open cross symbols, respectively. The present $13\TeV$ results are represented by the filled circles. The vertical bars of the $7\TeV$ measurement represent the total experimental uncertainties. The vertical bars of the $13\TeV$ measurement represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature.

Fraction of hard color-singlet exchange dijet events $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ (\cmsLeft) and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ (\cmsRight) extracted in inclusive dijet event production (labeled CMS, represented by the blue circle markers) and in dijet events with an intact proton at $13\TeV$ (labeled CMS-TOTEM, represented by the red cross marker). Vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The CMS results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the bin. The CMS-TOTEM result is plotted at the mean value of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the allowed range of these variables. The $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 100\GeV$ and $3.0 < \Delta\eta_\text{jj} < 6.5$ ranges below the CMS-TOTEM legend represent the dijet phase space covered by events with an intact proton with the present sample size, rather than a selection requirement, as described in the text.

Fraction of hard color-singlet exchange dijet events $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ (\cmsLeft) and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ (\cmsRight) extracted in inclusive dijet event production (labeled CMS, represented by the blue circle markers) and in dijet events with an intact proton at $13\TeV$ (labeled CMS-TOTEM, represented by the red cross marker). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The CMS results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the bin. Similarly, the CMS-TOTEM result is plotted at the mean value of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the CMS-TOTEM combined sample. The $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 100\GeV$ and $3.0 < \Delta\eta_\text{jj} < 6.5$ ranges below the CMS-TOTEM legend represent the dijet phase space covered by events with an intact proton with the present sample size, rather than a selection requirement, as described in the text.

Fraction of hard color-singlet exchange dijet events $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ (\cmsLeft) and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ (\cmsRight) extracted in inclusive dijet event production (labeled CMS, represented by the blue circle markers) and in dijet events with an intact proton at $13\TeV$ (labeled CMS-TOTEM, represented by the red cross marker). Vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The CMS results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the bin. The CMS-TOTEM result is plotted at the mean value of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the allowed range of these variables. The $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 100\GeV$ and $3.0 < \Delta\eta_\text{jj} < 6.5$ ranges below the CMS-TOTEM legend represent the dijet phase space covered by events with an intact proton with the present sample size, rather than a selection requirement, as described in the text.

Fraction of hard color-singlet exchange dijet events $f_\text{CSE}$, measured as a function of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ (\cmsLeft) and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ (\cmsRight) extracted in inclusive dijet event production (labeled CMS, represented by the blue circle markers) and in dijet events with an intact proton at $13\TeV$ (labeled CMS-TOTEM, represented by the red cross marker). The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties, and boxes represent the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The CMS results are plotted at the mean values of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the bin. Similarly, the CMS-TOTEM result is plotted at the mean value of $\Delta\eta_\text{jj}$ and $\pt^\text{jet2}$ in the CMS-TOTEM combined sample. The $40 < \pt^\text{jet2} < 100\GeV$ and $3.0 < \Delta\eta_\text{jj} < 6.5$ ranges below the CMS-TOTEM legend represent the dijet phase space covered by events with an intact proton with the present sample size, rather than a selection requirement, as described in the text.