002749411 001__ 2749411
002749411 005__ 20230713051928.0
002749411 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2749411$$pcerncds:CERN$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT
002749411 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.164802
002749411 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:2012.09676$$cphysics.plasm-ph
002749411 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:2012.09676
002749411 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:1837172$$d2023-07-11T10:12:18Z$$h2023-07-13T02:15:15Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002749411 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1837172
002749411 041__ $$aeng
002749411 100__ $$aBatsch, F.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 245__ $$9arXiv$$aTransition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma
002749411 269__ $$c2020-12-17
002749411 260__ $$c2021-04-21
002749411 300__ $$a6 p
002749411 500__ $$9arXiv$$aLetter and Supplemental Material, 6 figures, 8 pages
002749411 520__ $$9APS$$aWe use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude [≥(4.1±0.4) MV/m], the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3%–7% (of 2π) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
002749411 520__ $$9arXiv$$aWe use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude ($\ge(4.1\pm0.4)$ MV/m), the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3 to 7% (of 2$\pi$) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
002749411 540__ $$3preprint$$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002749411 540__ $$3publication$$aCC-BY-4.0$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
002749411 542__ $$3publication$$dauthors$$g2021
002749411 65017 $$2arXiv$$aphysics.acc-ph
002749411 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aAccelerators and Storage Rings
002749411 65017 $$2arXiv$$aphysics.plasm-ph
002749411 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aOther Fields of Physics
002749411 693__ $$aCERN AWAKE
002749411 690C_ $$aCERN
002749411 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002749411 700__ $$aMuggli, P.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aAgnello, R.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aAhdida, C.C.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aAmoedo Goncalves, M.C.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aAndrebe, Y.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aApsimon, O.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLiverpool U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aApsimon, R.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLancaster U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vLancaster University , Lancaster, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aBachmann, A.M.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aBaistrukov, M.A.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aBlanchard, P.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aBraunmüller, F.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aBurrows, P.N.$$uOxford U.$$vJohn Adams Institute, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aButtenschön, B.$$uGreifswald, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Greifswald, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aCaldwell, A.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aChappell, J.$$uUniversity Coll. London$$vUniversity College London , London, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aChevallay, E.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aChung, M.$$uUNIST, Ulsan$$vUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
002749411 700__ $$aCooke, D.A.$$uUniversity Coll. London$$vUniversity College London , London, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aDamerau, H.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aDavut, C.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uManchester U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aDemeter, G.$$uWigner RCP, Budapest$$vWigner Research Center for Physics , Budapest, Hungary
002749411 700__ $$aDeubner, H.L.$$uPhilipps U. Marburg$$vPhilipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aDoebert, S.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aFarmer, J.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$uCERN$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aFasoli, A.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aFedosseev, V.N.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aFiorito, R.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLiverpool U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aFonseca, R.A.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vISCTE–Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa , Portugal$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aFriebel, F.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aFurno, I.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aGarolfi, L.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF , Vancouver, Canada
002749411 700__ $$aGessner, S.$$uCERN$$uSLAC$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California, USA
002749411 700__ $$aGorgisyan, I.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aGorn, A.A.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aGranados, E.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aGranetzny, M.$$uWisconsin U., Madison$$vUniversity of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
002749411 700__ $$aGraubner, T.$$uPhilipps U. Marburg$$vPhilipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aGrulke, O.$$uGreifswald, Max Planck Inst.$$uDenmark, Tech. U.$$vMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Greifswald, Germany$$vTechnical University of Denmark , Lyngby, Denmark
002749411 700__ $$aGschwendtner, E.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aHafych, V.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aHelm, A.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aHenderson, J.R.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uDaresbury$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vAccelerator Science and Technology Centre , ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aHüther, M.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aKargapolov, I. Yu.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aKim, S.Y.$$uUNIST, Ulsan$$vUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
002749411 700__ $$aKraus, F.$$uPhilipps U. Marburg$$vPhilipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aKrupa, M.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aLefevre, T.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aLiang, L.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uManchester U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aLiu, S.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF , Vancouver, Canada
002749411 700__ $$aLopes, N.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aLotov, K.V.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aMartyanov, M.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aMazzoni, S.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aMedina Godoy, D.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aMinakov, V.A.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aMoody, J.T.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aMoon, K.$$uUNIST, Ulsan$$vUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
002749411 700__ $$aMorales Guzmán, P.I.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aMoreira, M.$$uCERN$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aNechaeva, T.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aNowak, E.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aPakuza, C.$$uOxford U.$$vJohn Adams Institute, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aPanuganti, H.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aPardons, A.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aPerera, A.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLiverpool U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aPucek, J.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aPukhov, A.$$uFachhochschule Dusseldorf$$vHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aRamjiawan, R.L.$$uCERN$$uOxford U.$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vJohn Adams Institute, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aRey, S.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aRieger, K.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aSchmitz, O.$$uWisconsin U., Madison$$vUniversity of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
002749411 700__ $$aSenes, E.$$uCERN$$uOxford U.$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vJohn Adams Institute, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aSilva, L.O.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aSperoni, R.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aSpitsyn, R.I.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aStollberg, C.$$uEPFL, Lausanne, FSL$$vEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aSublet, A.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aTopaloudis, A.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aTorrado, N.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aTuev, P.V.$$uNovosibirsk State U.$$uNovosibirsk, Inst. Laser Phys.$$vNovosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia$$vBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
002749411 700__ $$aTurner, M.$$uCERN$$uLBL, Berkeley$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California, USA
002749411 700__ $$aVelotti, F.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aVerra, L.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$uCERN$$uSiemens, Munich$$vMax Planck Institute for Physics , Munich, Germany$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland$$vTechnical University Munich , Munich, Germany
002749411 700__ $$aVerzilov, V.A.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF , Vancouver, Canada
002749411 700__ $$aVieira, J.$$uCMAF, Lisbon$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
002749411 700__ $$aVincke, H.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aWelsch, C.P.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLiverpool U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aWendt, M.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aWing, M.$$uUniversity Coll. London$$vUniversity College London , London, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aWiwattananon, P.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aWolfenden, J.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uLiverpool U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aWoolley, B.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 700__ $$aXia, G.$$uCockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.$$uManchester U.$$vCockcroft Institute , Daresbury, United Kingdom$$vUniversity of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
002749411 700__ $$aZepp, M.$$uWisconsin U., Madison$$vUniversity of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
002749411 700__ $$aZevi Della Porta, G.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002749411 710__ $$gAWAKE Collaboration
002749411 773__ $$c164802$$n16$$pPhys. Rev. Lett.$$v126$$y2021
002749411 8564_ $$82272969$$s173798$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/117_586-737_70ps_freq_delaymove10_paper_errors22_bw_small.png$$y00003 (a) Time-resolved, ``stitched" image of the self-modulated proton bunch with $t_{RIF}=125$\,ps (0.5$\sigma_t$), $n_{e0}=1.81\times$10$^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$. The RIF is at $t$=0 on the image (not visible). The LRS is visible every 50\,ps at the bottom of the image. (b) Modulation rms phase variation for each set of images with equal LRS timing.
002749411 8564_ $$82272970$$s4896939$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/2012.09676.pdf$$yFulltext
002749411 8564_ $$82272971$$s7730$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/117_586-597_70ps_delaymove10_fscan_rms2.png$$y00005 Observed phase variation $\Delta\Phi/2\pi$ versus frequency chosen for the phase analysis of a data set recorded at 1.81$\times10^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$, corresponding to a modulation frequency of 120.8\,GHz.
002749411 8564_ $$82272972$$s383637$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/ssmsmi_159_1084-1103u1224-1245_new_bw.png$$y00001 Composite images of the center part of the streak camera image (see Fig.~\ref{fig:setup} Inset2) for ten events with (a) RIF 600\,ps (2.4$\sigma_t$) and (b) RIF 350\,ps (1.4$\sigma_t$) ahead of the proton bunch center. Front of the bunch on the right hand side. Events aligned with respect to LRS (\cite{bib:fabianEAAC}, at $t=0$, not visible). Both cases: LRS 150\,ps (0.6$\sigma_t$) ahead of bunch center, $n_{e0}=0.94\times$10$^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$.
002749411 8564_ $$82272973$$s9808$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/transitionSSm+SMI_new_4ballerr2.png$$y00002 Measured rms (blue circles) and full phase variation (blue diamond), and initial linear transverse wakefield amplitude (filled red circles) as a function of $t_{RIF}$ normalized to $\sigma_t$. The error bars indicate the statistical uncertainty of 10.1\% (see text). Error bars representing the uncertainty in $t_{RIF}$ due to the 15\,ps (0.06$\sigma_t$) rms proton timing jitter are not plotted. Same LRS timing and $n_{e0}$ as in Fig.~\ref{fig:waterfall}.
002749411 8564_ $$82272974$$s211106$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/117_911_70ps_profile_fits_bw.png$$y00004 (a) Single 73\,ps streak camera image of a self-modulated proton bunch recorded at density $n_{e0}=1.81\times10^{14}\,$cm$^{-3}$. (b) Blue line: Bunch modulation profile summing a $\cong\pm$430\,\textmu m-wide region around the bunch axis of (a). Black line: Summed counts over a $-5\le x\le -4$\,mm region containing only the LRS. Red dotted line: Gaussian fit to determine the position of the LRS. Green line, both Figs: cosine of the average DFT frequency used for the analysis and the measured phase value.
002749411 8564_ $$82272975$$s47907$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/Setup_pl2g.png$$y00000 Schematic of the experimental setup showing the main components used for measurements presented here. Inset 1: RIF in the middle of the proton bunch ($t_{RIF}=0$\,ps). Inset 2: Streak camera image of a modulated proton bunch, laser reference signal at $t=0$\,ps (red circle).
002749411 8564_ $$82290920$$s1668346$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/PhysRevLett.126.164802.pdf$$yFulltext from publisher
002749411 8564_ $$82290920$$s11913$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/PhysRevLett.126.164802.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yFulltext from publisher
002749411 8564_ $$82290920$$s191873$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/PhysRevLett.126.164802.jpg?subformat=icon-700$$xicon-700$$yFulltext from publisher
002749411 8564_ $$82290920$$s33234$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/PhysRevLett.126.164802.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yFulltext from publisher
002749411 8564_ $$82294996$$s1668346$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2749411/files/10.1103_PhysRevLett.126.164802.pdf$$yFulltext from Publisher
002749411 960__ $$a13
002749411 980__ $$aARTICLE