arXiv : Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Chappell, J.; Medina Godoy, D.; Furno, I.; Verzilov, V.A.; Krupa, M.; Aladi, M.; Mazzoni, S.; Williamson, B.; Kargapolov, I.Yu.; Granetzny, M.; Burrows, P.N.; Davut, C.; Kedves, M.Á.; Fiorito, R.; Ráczkevi, B.; Schmitz, O.; Garolfi, L.; Demeter, G.; Tuev, P.V.; Baistrukov, M.A.; Wolfenden, J.; Martyanov, M.; Petrenko, A.; Saberi, H.; Cooke, D.A.; Gorgisyan, I.; Agnello, R.; Apsimon, R.; Liang, L.; Woolley, B.; Andrebe, Y.; Zepp, M.; Chung, M.; Keeble, F.; Pukhov, A.; Peña Asmus, F.; Jolly, S.; Vieira, J.; Silva, L.O.; Velotti, F.; Buttenschön, B.; Kim, S.-Y.; Moody, J.T.; Helm, A.; Fasoli, A.; Dia, G.; Pucek, J.; Caldwell, A.; Li, Y.; Lopes, N.; Sherwood, P.; Goddard, B.; Chevallay, E.; Grulke, O.; Lefevre, T.; Friebel, F.; Farmer, J.; Hafych, V.; Batsch, F.; Deubner, L.H.; Morales Guzmán, P.I.; Ruhl, H.; Henderson, J.R.; Lotov, K.V.; Jacquier, R.; Fonseca, R.A.; Hartin, A.; Spitsyn, R.I.; Senes, E.; Rey, S.; Bergamaschi, M.; Moreira, M.; Wing, M.; Pardons, A.; Ramjiawan, R.L.; Bachmann, A.-M.; Gorn, A.A.; Apsimon, O.; Verra, L.; Fedosseev, V.N.; Hüther, M.; Adli, E.; Granados, E.; Blanchard, P.; Gschwendtner, E.; Welsch, C.P.; Howling, A.; Liu, S.; Perera, A.; Minakov, V.A.; Gessner, S.; Panuganti, H.; Damerau, H.; Dexter, A.; Doebert, S.; Djotyan, G.P.; Kelisani, M.D.; Kraus, F.; Zevi Della Porta, G.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.011301

Article
Report number	arXiv:2010.05715
Title	Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch
Author(s)	Chappell, J. (University Coll. London) ; Adli, E. (Oslo U.) ; Agnello, R. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Aladi, M. (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Andrebe, Y. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Apsimon, O. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Apsimon, R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Bachmann, A.-M. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Baistrukov, M.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Batsch, F. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Bergamaschi, M. (CERN) ; Blanchard, P. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Burrows, P.N. (JAI, UK) ; Buttenschön, B. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst.) ; Caldwell, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Chevallay, E. (CERN) ; Chung, M. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Cooke, D.A. (University Coll. London) ; Damerau, H. (CERN) ; Davut, C. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Demeter, G. (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Deubner, L.H. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Dexter, A. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Djotyan, G.P. (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Doebert, S. (CERN) ; Farmer, J. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Fasoli, A. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Fedosseev, V.N. (CERN) ; Fiorito, R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Fonseca, R.A. (ISCTE, Lisbon ; Lisbon, CFP) ; Friebel, F. (CERN) ; Furno, I. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Garolfi, L. (TRIUMF) ; Gessner, S. (CERN ; SLAC) ; Goddard, B. (CERN) ; Gorgisyan, I. (CERN) ; Gorn, A.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Granados, E. (CERN) ; Granetzny, M. (U. Wisconsin, Madison (main)) ; Grulke, O. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst. ; Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Gschwendtner, E. (CERN) ; Hafych, V. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Hartin, A. (University Coll. London) ; Helm, A. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Henderson, J.R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Howling, A. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Hüther, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Jacquier, R. (EPFL-ISIC, Lausanne) ; Jolly, S. (University Coll. London) ; Kargapolov, I.Yu. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Kedves, M.Á. (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Keeble, F. (University Coll. London) ; Kelisani, M.D. (CERN) ; Kim, S.-Y. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Kraus, F. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Krupa, M. (CERN) ; Lefevre, T. (CERN) ; Li, Y. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Liang, L. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Liu, S. (TRIUMF) ; Lopes, N. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Lotov, K.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Martyanov, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mazzoni, S. (CERN) ; Medina Godoy, D. (CERN) ; Minakov, V.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Moody, J.T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Morales Guzmán, P.I. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Moreira, M. (CERN ; Lisbon, CFP) ; Panuganti, H. (CERN) ; Pardons, A. (CERN) ; Peña Asmus, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Perera, A. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Petrenko, A. (Novosibirsk, IYF) ; Pucek, J. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Pukhov, A. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Ráczkevi, B. (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Ramjiawan, R.L. (CERN ; JAI, UK) ; Rey, S. (CERN) ; Ruhl, H. (LMU Munich (main)) ; Saberi, H. (CERN) ; Schmitz, O. (U. Wisconsin, Madison (main)) ; Senes, E. (CERN ; JAI, UK) ; Sherwood, P. (University Coll. London) ; Silva, L.O. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Spitsyn, R.I. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Tuev, P.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Velotti, F. (CERN) ; Verra, L. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Verzilov, V.A. (TRIUMF) ; Vieira, J. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Welsch, C.P. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Williamson, B. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Wing, M. (University Coll. London) ; Wolfenden, J. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Woolley, B. (CERN) ; Dia, G. ; Zepp, M. (U. Wisconsin, Madison (main)) ; Zevi Della Porta, G. (CERN)
Publication	2021-01-06
Imprint	2020-10-12
Number of pages	13
Note	11 pages, 8 figures
In:	Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 24 (2021) 011301
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.011301
Subject category	physics.acc-ph ; Accelerators and Storage Rings ; physics.plasm-ph ; Other Fields of Physics
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN SPS ; AWAKE
Abstract	Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0) publication: © 2021-2025 authors (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Left: Illustration of the normalised beam density, $n_b$, corresponding to the seeding positions used in this study. Shaded regions indicate the region of the beam that propagates through, and hence interacts with, the plasma. Left, upper: Seeding 200\,ps ahead of the centre. Left, middle: Seeding in the centre of the proton bunch. Left, lower: Seeding 200\,ps behind the centre. Right: Simulated evolution of the maximum longitudinal field over the entire plasma length for the three different seeding positions for a plasma density of $n_e = 2 \times 10^{14}\,$cm$^{-3}$. The proton bunch parameters are the same as those used for studying extended timescale wakefield evolution described in Sec.~\ref{sec:longtimescale}.$ $Left: Illustration of the normalised beam density, $n_b$, corresponding to the seeding positions used in this study. Shaded regions indicate the region of the beam that propagates through, and hence interacts with, the plasma. Left, upper: Seeding 200\,ps ahead of the centre. Left, middle: Seeding in the centre of the proton bunch. Left, lower: Seeding 200\,ps behind the centre. Right: Simulated evolution of the maximum longitudinal field over the entire plasma length for the three different seeding positions for a plasma density of $n_e = 2 \times 10^{14}\,$cm$^{-3}$. The proton bunch parameters are the same as those used for studying extended timescale wakefield evolution described in Sec.~\ref{sec:longtimescale}.$ $Experimental results showing mean witness energy for $\Delta \tau$ up to 365\,ps when seeding 100\,ps ahead of the centre of the proton bunch. The growth in mean witness energy with increasing $\Delta \tau$ is consistent with resonant excitation of the longitudinal wakefield. Error bars represent the standard error on the mean: $\sigma({\mu_E})/\sqrt{N-1}$, where $\sigma(\mu_E)$ is the standard deviation of the measurements of the mean energy and $N$ represents the number of events per step.$ Show more plots

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