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Author(s)
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Alhroob, M (Oklahoma U.) ; Bates, R (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M (CERN) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Bitadze, A (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Bousson, N (Marseille, CPPM) ; Boyd, G (Oklahoma U.) ; Bozza, G (CERN) ; Crespo-Lopez, O (CERN) ; Degeorge, C (Indiana U.) ; Deterre, C (DESY) ; DiGirolamo, B (CERN) ; Doubek, M (Prague, Tech. U.) ; Favre, G (CERN) ; Godlewski, J (CERN) ; Hallewell, G (Marseille, CPPM) ; Hasib, A (Oklahoma U.) ; Katunin, S (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Langevin, N (Aix-Marseille U.) ; Lombard, D (CERN) ; Mathieu, M (Marseille, CPPM) ; McMahon, S (Rutherford) ; Nagai, K (Oxford U.) ; O'Rourke, A (DESY) ; Pearson, B (Oklahoma U.) ; Robinson, D (Cambridge U.) ; Rossi, C (INFN, Genoa) ; Rozanov, A (Marseille, CPPM) ; Strauss, M (Oklahoma U.) ; Vacek, V (Prague, Tech. U.) ; Vaglio, R (CERN) ; Young, J (Oklahoma U.) ; Zwalinski, L (CERN) |
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Abstract
| Precision ultrasonic measurements in binary gas systems provide continuous real-time monitoring of mixture composition and flow. Using custom microcontroller-based electronics, we have developed an ultrasonic instrument, with numerous potential applications, capable of making continuous high-precision sound velocity measurements. The instrument measures sound transit times along two opposite directions aligned parallel to - or obliquely crossing - the gas flow. The difference between the two measured times yields the gas flow rate while their average gives the sound velocity, which can be compared with a sound velocity vs. molar composition look-up table for the binary mixture at a given temperature and pressure. The look-up table may be generated from prior measurements in known mixtures of the two components, from theoretical calculations, or from a combination of the two. We describe the instrument and its performance within numerous applications in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The instrument can be of interest in other areas where continuous in-situ binary gas analysis and flowmetry are required. |