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Title	A novel Beam Halo Monitor for the CMS experiment at the LHC
Author(s)	Orfanelli, S (Natl. Tech. U., Athens ; CERN) ; Dabrowski, A E (CERN) ; Giunta, M (CERN) ; Loos, R (CERN) ; Ambrose, M J (Minnesota U.) ; Mans, J (Minnesota U.) ; Rusack, R (Minnesota U.) ; Stifter, K (Minnesota U.) ; Stickland, D (Princeton U.) ; Fabbri, F (INFN, Bologna) ; Manna, A (INFN, Bologna ; Bologna U.) ; Montanari, A (INFN, Bologna) ; Tosi, N (INFN, Bologna ; Bologna U.) ; Calvelli, V (INFN, Genoa ; Genoa U.)
Publication	2015
In:	JINST 10 (2015) P11011
DOI	10.1088/1748-0221/10/11/P11011
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings ; Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN LHC ; CMS
Abstract	A novel Beam Halo Monitor (BHM) has been designed and built for the CMS experiment at the LHC. It will provide an online, bunch-by-bunch measurement of background particles created by interactions of the proton beam with residual gas molecules in the vacuum chamber or with collimator material upstream of CMS. The BHM consists of two arrays of twenty detectors that are mounted around the outer forward shielding of the CMS experiment. Each detector is comprised of a cylindrical quartz radiator, optically coupled to a fast ultraviolet-sensitive photomultiplier tube from one end and painted black at the opposite end. Particles moving towards the photomultiplier tube will be detected with time resolution of a few nanoseconds, allowing to measure the flux of background particles produced upstream of CMS and suppress signals from collision-induced products. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to optimise the detector design. Prior to installation, the performance of the prototype detectors was measured in test beams quantifying the detector's direction-sensitive response and time resolution. The BHM was installed during the first LHC long shutdown (LS1) and is currently being commissioned. Design considerations, results from the test-beams supporting the design and the installation of the BHM in the CMS are presented.
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